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Pipeline pigs are devices used to clean or check pipelines in upstream, midstream, and downstream operations. Fascinatingly, the name may have originated from the “squealing” sound early pig models produced while travelling through pipelines.
Purpose of Pipeline Pigging
The following are some basis for pigging gas pipelines:
• Keeps pipelines clean and free of impediment
• Ensures optimal flow integrity of pipelines
• Can be used to inspect inside sections of pipelines to preparation for corrective operations
Types of Pipeline Pigs
For the mainly effective results, it is essential to select the appropriate pipeline pig for the job. The following are some regular pipeline pig types used in the oil and gas industry today:
Utility Pigs
Utility pigs are used for cleaning, de-watering, and sealing of gas pipelines. To cleanse a gas line, a utility pig sweeps through the internal section, scraping off debris and semi-solids that obstruct or limit the flow of hydrocarbons. When used for dewatering or sealing, the pig provides air and moisture-tight coupling to flush liquids from the line or separate different in-line media.
Gel Pigs
Gel pigs consist of chemical substances such as rigid polymers and high-viscosity gels. They are typically used during pipeline commissioning or maintenance. They are the ideal option for so-called “unpiggable” lines – pipelines containing internal valves, sharp bends, and/or special structures that could result in a stuck pig. Unlike other pig types, gel pigs do not require a launcher and receiver system. Gel pigs are often used alongside other types of pigs to improve the efficiency and prevent deterioration of the primary pig components. They can also help to retrieve a pig stuck in a pipeline.
Inspection Pigs
Inspection pigs also called “smart pigs,” are used for inspecting internal sections of gas pipelines ahead of remedial activities. They contain electronic components such as ultrasonic sensors, RF modules, and pig gauge plates, and can measure parameters such as diameter, curvature, thickness, pressure, metal loss, and temperature. Newer inspection pigs can detect issues in pipelines such as leaks, cracks, wax deposition, and corrosion with a high degree of accuracy.
Specialty Pigs
These types of pigs, also called “plugs” are used to seal off entire sections of pipelines while remedial activities are being carried out. Specialty pigs are used by pipeline maintenance service companies for pipeline cleaning without completely restricting the flow of fluids through them.